Cultural Heritage and Preservation of Historical Memory
31 Oct 2023
Areas of Professional Competence of the Training Profile of the Museum Worker at the University of Culture
The article is devoted to the problem of profile training of a modern specialist in the field of museology in the conditions of developing processes of development of cultural industries and digital transformation of modern mass culture and art. The cardinal changes taking place in modern museums, the growth of collaborative interactions in the conditions of multi-channel financing with the art business and cultural tourism, which dominates the modern tourism industry, require the development of new professional competencies, project system vision and thinking, digital culture. In recent decades, the problem of the transformation of museums into modern socio-communicative educational and leisure centers has occupied a significant place in the cultural scientific literature. At the same time, the problem of training modern specialists in the field of museum industries is becoming increasingly relevant due to the active transformation of the functions of museums in the conditions of rapid development of cultural industries. The article formulates the task of training specialists in the integrated collaborative profile of modern museum industries, focused on the manifestation of professional competencies not only in the field of museum industries, but also in the art business and cultural tourism. The article is based on the materials of the sociological study “Digital Competencies of Museum Staff”, organized and conducted by the Council for Digital Development of ICOM of Russia, the Association of Electronic Communications (RAEC), the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) with the participation of Microsoft representative office in Russia. The article justifies the need to form an integrated bachelor training profile for modern museum industries – “Cultural industries in museums, art business and cultural tourism”. The training of future museum specialists in this integrated profile in the field of cultural industries would solve several significant problems. Firstly, it would allow training in areas of cultural industries of future specialists close to the content of professional competencies. Secondly, it would expand the employment opportunities of graduates. Thirdly, it would allow developing a systematic vision and a systematic project approach among graduates and comprehensively approach the development of interconnected cultural industries – museum cultural industries, art business and the cultural tourism industry.
31 Oct 2023
Silver tray salt in the collection of the Department of History of Russian Culture of the State Hermitage: returned name and circumstances of creation
In the collection of the State Hermitage Museum, a special place is occupied by dishes and salt cellars, created by local jewelers to serve bread and salt to the Russian emperors. The study of archival sources and the comparison of their information with objects from the museum's funds made it possible to identify the presentation salt cellar in the silver desk accessory in the form of the monument to Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich Romanov and peasant Ivan Susanin, which was called so in the museumˈs documents. The salt cellar appears to be a reduced copy of the monument, which was located on the central square of Kostroma until 1918. The exhibit lost its original name as well as information about the circumstances of its creation because itˈs moving between Russian museums in the second quarter of the 20th century. The history of the entry of the silver presentation salt cellar in the museum collection demonstrates the fate of most of the pre-revolutionary private collections after the October Revolution: many of them were nationalized and then partially depersonalized. Moreover, as a result of the research was found out the name of the master, who created the salt cellar, were clarified some circumstances of the presentation of this gift, and was given the history of its existence after the presentation to the emperor. The introduction into the scientific circulation of this museum exhibit, as well as the identification of the owner ofthe unknown master mark, enriches information on the history ofsilversmithing in the Russian Empire, expending ideas about the forms and artwork of the presentation items.
