Cultural Studies of Russian South № 3 (82), 2021

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Title

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Contents

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From the editor

The year 2021 marks the 800th anniversary of the birth of Prince Alexander Nevsky. According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Of course, the purpose of the festive events dedicated to the significant date is to preserve the military-historical and cultural heritage, strengthen the unity of the Russian people.

S.S. Zengin


Leading Article

pp. 7-14

Images of the Past, Present, and Future: On Raising the Question of Commemorative Culture Formation

In the authors’ opinion, there are contradictions in the modern world community between the globalizing aspirations of transnational actors and the developing nationalization of public and state life that counteracts the mainstream of total control over peoples and states. At the hypothetical trial of history, cultural and historical heritage, which is a memorial space of the communicative culture of contemporaries providing a historical perspective in the humane unity of the past, present and future, acts as the attorney for the defence of humanity in the conditions of chaotic world processes.

Keywords: monumental politics, cultural and historical heritage, memorial space, memorative culture.

N.G. Denisov


Theory and history of art

pp. 15-24

The Culture of Attention as a Basic Aspect of Training in Classical Dance

The article discusses important aspects of training the culture of attention in classical dance that are the key to high-quality choreographic education and allow students to master a high level of professional performance. The research is highly relevant: the psychological and social norms, which reflect the values of culture and influence the formation of personal qualities of performers and their artistic tastes, established in society during the previous decades are now undergoing transformation under the influence of developing technologies, emerging elements of sociocultural destruction, etc. This article is the first experience of understanding – from the perspective of a psychological and physical analysis – the classical exercise of the features of training the culture of attention that contributes to the formation of high professional qualities in the performer.

Keywords: classical dance, spirituality, psychology, analyzers, performer, culture of attention, education, training.

Roman V. Trofimov, Irina A. Klimova, Irina N. Martyushova


pp. 24-33

Transformation of the Design Form of a Children’s Book in the Era of Information Technologies

The article discusses the trends towards (1) the complication of the design form of a children’s book, (2) the development of creative three-dimensional forms as a trend in the evolution of books in the context of information technology, as an object developing the child reader’s objective spatial environment. The style, printing, and original design of an interactive book is one of the ways for books to survive: developing children’s cognitive abilities and stimulating their independent creative activity and personality development, an interactive book can quickly transform and change.

Keywords: children’s book, child, printing, design form, transformation, construction, interactive book, designing.

Mariya A. Rabotnova, Zoya Yu. Chernaya, Taras I. Cherny

pp. 33-40

Kuban Graphics of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries: Features of Formation and Development

Graphics was the first professional art form to develop since the 18th century. It also adapted to the historical changes that followed. Support for graphics at the local level was initially based on purely practical qualities arising from military needs. Subsequently, with the growth of cities and the need for art education, graphics in Kuban began to be widely taught in its various qualities. The creation of art societies and local museums only heightened interest in graphics as a fundamental art form. The aim of the research was to study the emergence and development of graphics in the Kuban region and Yekaterinodar in the 19th – early 20th centuries. The focus was on the determination of the main ways graphics developed in Kuban based on data of archival materials, works from collections of fine art museums. The fundamental research method was an integrated approach that combines historical facts, features of the education system, the study of the stylistic features of artists and their works. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the features of the formation and development of graphics in Kuban from the 19th century have been determined, and outstanding masters and features in their creative approach have been identified. 
Keywords: Kuban graphics, Russian graphics of early 20th century, Russian drawing, Russian landscape, Russian art of 19th – early 20th centuries.

Sergey M. Gontar, Galina N. Sologub

pp. 40-48

Karl Bryullov’s Portrait Paintings of the First Half of the 1830s

The article examines Karl Bryullov’s portrait paintings of the first half of the 1830s. For the first time, the author raises the question of the reasons for the appearance of such paintings in the artist’s work and examines the issues of tradition and innovation, the possible mutual influences of Bryullov and his contemporaries (Vigée Le Brun, Lawrence, Cavalleri, Kiprensky), as well as the influence of the masters of the 17th century (first of all, Rubens). The main research methods are formal-stylistic and comparative. The author concludes that it is necessary to study the context in which Bryullov’s portrait paintings appeared; this contributes in understanding their uniqueness.
Keywords: portrait of the 1830s, portrait paintings by Karl Bryullov, traditions and innovation,Peter Paul Rubens, Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun, Thomas Lawrence, Ferdinando Cavalleri,Orest Kiprensky.

Yuri Yu. Gudymenko

pp. 48-57

Culture Heroes of the Middle Ages in French Cinema of the 1970s (Perceval Le Gallois by Eric Rohmer)

The author of the article considers the interpretation of the image of Perceval in the film Perceval le Gallois (1978) directed by Eric Rohmer (1920–2010). For the first time in domestic art history, the author carries out a comparative interdisciplinary analysis of the film and its historical and cultural basis – the courtesy novel Perceval, the Story of the Grail by Chrétien de Troyes (c. 1135–1180/1190). The research methodology is based on the classical works of Siegfried Kracauer, Georges Sadoul, Gilles Deleuze and includes methods of historical and film studies, semiotic, comparative, and musical analysis.

Keywords: epic, Perceval le Gallois, Perceval, Parzival, King Arthur, Knights of the Round Table, Fisher King, courtesy novel, Chretien de Troyes, cinema, film music.

Mikhail E. Zolnikov

pp. 57-65

Reasons for Director’s Changes in the Literary Text in Theatrical Production

The basis for staging a performance in a drama theater is a literary text. Nevertheless, in practice, directors often resort to changing it: its fragments are cut out or transferred to another part of the play, replaced by other staging means, and texts are introduced that were not in the playwright’s version. The author of the article raises the question of the reasons for the director’s changes in the literary text. He aims to understand why this happens, to discover the circumstances in which the director of the play is forced to interfere with the text of the play and create their own version – the director’s script. To reach the aim, the author analyses the performances of four literary works: Othello directed by E. Nyakrosius, A Streetcar Named Desire directed by M. Glukhovskoy, and his own theatrical productions Twelve Months and Krechinsky’s Wedding. The choice of the material is determined by the presence of the specified methods of director’s changes in the literary text in these works. In addition, the material makes it possible to apply the methods of non-included and included observation since.

Keywords: director, modern drama theater, literary text, director’s interpretation, theatrical production.

Alexey I. Zykov

pp. 65-78

Trio in A Minor for Clarinet, Cello, and Piano by Johannes Brahms in the Context of the Late Style

The article aims to reveal the features of Johannes Brahms’s late style in the genre of chamber instrumental music. The material of the study is Trio Op. 114 for Clarinet, Cello, and Piano as a representative example of the composer’s late style. The methodology of holistic analysis made it possible to identify typical features of Brahms’s late style. The analysis of the Trio has revealed the predominant importance of song-singing lyrical images.

Keywords: romanticism, classicism, clarinet, harmonic language, melodiousness, folklore.

Servet Ya. Mambetov

pp. 79-86

Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov’s Activities in the Reflection of the National Culture the Turn of the 20th Century

The article aims to examine the activities of Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, a prominent figure in Russian culture and composer. In its main section, the multifaceted creative process of the composer is analyzed. He laid the foundations for a three-tier education cycle for professional musicians: school, college, university. The composer began to implement this system by opening a music school in Tiflis, and then on its basis a music college. The system provided a fundamental level of knowledge, a wide range of studied musical theoretical disciplines: harmony, polyphony, instrumentation, composition, history of music, analysis of form. In addition, Ippolitov-Ivanov paid great attention to the development and promotion of Russian musical culture, defended the performance of chamber music, staged operas by leading composers of that time, both Western European and Russian.

Keywords: composer, activities, conservatory, Tiflis, opera, orchestra, traditions, folklore, conducting, education.

Tatyana V. Sorokina, Greta E. Ivanova


Theory and history of culture

pp. 87-101

Images of Life and Death in the Folk Art Tradition оf the South of Russia (Based on the Material of the Folk Art Culture of Belgorod Oblast)

The article aims to consider the founding principles of the traditional Russian worldview through the images of life and death captured in the regional ornament. Being in many cases an actual continuation of the most important rituals of culture and a marker of their boundaries, the ornament today deserves an analysis of its value-based and visual structures at a new level. The support of tradition for the further development of innovation is all the more relevant, the more the value criteria of human existence become blurred and thus further lead away from unity with nature and weaken a divided society. The author analyses and reveals the ideoplastic language of folk art: concise, like modern pictographs, and at the same time much more meaningful in the combinations of its elements, and reveals the logical principles of creating ornamental formulas. The author, based on visual material, examines the concept of the soul as part of Creation, the relationship of the world of the living with the world of the departed from the perspective of folk tradition and ritual practice, and images of life-roads and life-as-field in folk art.

Keywords: folk culture, tradition, images of life and death, ornament, synergistic concepts.

Irina V. Shvedova


pp. 101-109

The Art of Graphic Symbolism in the Traditional Crafts of Kabardino-Balkaria

The article considers the sociocultural dimension of graphic symbolism as a creative component of folk craft practice in the traditional culture of Kabardino-Balkaria. The methodological basis of the research is cultural and historical theories, art history concepts. As a result of the research, a complex of ideas about the Kabardians’ and the Balkars’ main visual practices, manifested via a system of visual graphic symbols, has been formed. It is well known that the first forms of graphic symbolism appeared in primitive society and
subsequently developed in the religions of ancient Egypt, Assyria, Greece, Rome, etc. as a decorative ornament that performed cult, magical, and semantic functions. Graphic symbols  were the reason for the emergence of writing, art, education, and they are still associated with the modern worldview as a way to achieve the latest ethnocultural meanings and values. In this regard, the relevance of the research is the search for the origins of figurative systems of traditional pictorial forms in graphic symbolism; these forms are viewed as representations, ideas and phenomena associated with the understanding of the basic components of the traditional culture of Kabardino-Balkaria.

Nailya V. Galimova

pp. 109-121

Problems of State Accounting, Registration and Protection of the Stalin-Era Cultural Heritage Objects (Historical and Cultural Monuments) Located in Sochi Resort City

The article examines the problems of state registration and protection of the Stalin-era cultural heritage objects still existing and located in Sochi resort city in order to attract public attention to the risk of their loss. These problems are the most urgent because they entail the risk of a partial or complete loss of not only single monumental buildings, but also entire town planning complexes that form the historical and cultural environment.

Keywords: Sochi-Matsesta resort, historical and cultural heritage, historical and cultural monuments, architectural heritage of Sochi.

Natalya B. Akoeva, Valeriya V. Panasenko

pp. 121-128

Preservation and Popularization of Objects of History and Culture in Modern Society

In the modern world, the problem of preserving cultural heritage is especially acute and includes the issue of illuminating and popularizing works of monumental art among the population. This article examines the role of mass culture in expanding people’s knowledge about monuments of monumental art and in popularizing this knowledge in society with the help of mass media. The article describes the specific characteristics and functions of mass culture, which makes it possible to effectively illuminate the problem of cultural heritage. For modern society, the spiritual, social and economic potential of cultural heritage, monumental art in particular, is becoming more and more obvious. More and more attention is being drawn to the problems of its preservation, restoration, effective use, as well as to the problems of irreplaceable loss of works of monumental art.

Keywords: mass culture, monuments of culture and history, cultural heritage, monumental art, popularization of cultural heritage, mass media, Internet.

Mariana A. Malish, Milena A. Reshetova


Young scholars’ platform

pp. 129-136

Development of the Art of Playing the Saxophone in China in the Twentieth Century

The article examines the formation of the performing arts and teaching to play the saxophone in China in the twentieth century. The study aims to identify the stages in the development of the art of playing the saxophone in China in the context of the impact of various sociocultural conditions. The leading problem of the research is to determine factors that influenced the change in the status of the saxophone in the public opinion and the cultural and educational policy of the country. The research objectives in the study are: to analyse theoretical studies, scientific approaches and methods applied to the study of the development of playing the saxophone in China in the twentieth century; to consider the role of the saxophone in the musical culture and education of the country in the past century; to reveal the figurative and artistic functions of the saxophone in the works for the saxophone by Chinese authors. 

Keywords: saxophone in China, jazz, academic training programs, repertoire, saxophone ensembles, themes and images.

Zhao Wenkai


pp. 137-145

Tan Dun’s Opera Marco Polo: A Multi-Space Philosophical and Cultural Music Journey

This article, for the first time in Russian musicology, examines the opera Marco Polo by the Chinese-American composer Tan Dun. In his works, Tan Dun organically combines modern composing techniques with the deep foundations of Chinese classical culture. The aim of the study was a comprehensive analysis of the composition and drama of the opera Marco Polo as reflecting Tan Dun’s philosophy and main creative ideas. The author’s attention is focused on the unusual structure of the work, which the composer called “opera in opera”. The research methods were culturological, comparative-typological, and musical-analytical. The author analyzes the multilevel drama of the opera, which includes the Spiritual Journey, the Physical Journey, and the Musical Journey. The Physical Journey is the true story of Marco Polo’s journey from Venice to Beijing.

Si Yang


Cultural life of the regions

pp. 146-156

Activities of the Rostov Regional Branch of the Artists’ Union of the USSR in the War and Early Post-War Years

The article analyses of the activities of the Rostov Regional Branch of the Artists’ Union of the USSR in the war and post-war years. Using archival sources, the author determines the place and role of the Union in returning artists, as well as all citizens of Rostov and the region, to peaceful life and work. The methodological basis of the research was the principle of historicism. The article provides previously unknown information about the composition of the Artists’ Union, its everyday problems, the first post-war exhibitions, and creative disputes over the activities of stage designers.

Keywords: Artists’ Union, Rostov Oblast, war, exhibitions, stage designer, Durakov.

Olga V. Semenova


pp. 157-158

Information About the Authors (in Russian)